天籁之声

Nginx upstream健康检查：后端挂了自动踢出局_我的网站

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　    一键部署OpenClaw        

单台后端出问题时，如果Nginx还继续把请求发过去，用户看到的不是502就是超时。    The husband of Vice President Kamala Harris, Doug Emhoff, went shopping at a Whole Foods Market in California, blocking several parking places designated for people with disabilities as he shopped, the New York Post reported.,According to the report, the second gentleman engaged in some rather inconsiderate behavior outside the grocery store in Brentwood as he spent approximately 20 minutes browsing the aisles before returning with two bags of supplies.,New images from Emhoff's visit to the market on Wednesday show two Secret Service cars positioned diagonally over the specified areas.,According to California Vehicle Code, without a specific identifying license plate or placard visible, "it is unlawful for any person to park or leave standing any vehicle in a stall or space designated for disabled persons and disabled veterans.",However, neither car reportedly had the required identification visible to the public. The Department of Homeland Security-issued "US Government...For Official Use Only" license plates were supposedly spotted on the black Chevrolet Suburbans instead.,Emhoff was earlier observed picking up dry cleaning that day close to the supermarket. According to the report, one of the vehicles momentarily activated its lights and sirens as the motorcade exited the parking area towards Whole Foods.,Earlier, on the anniversary of the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act, Vice President Kamala Harris participated in a roundtable discussion with a number of stalwarts in the disability rights movement.,In a Medicare for All proposal during her failed campaign for president, Harris attempted to guarantee that individuals with disabilities had equal access to employment opportunities, education, housing and health care.,I Am Woman: Netizens Mock Kamala Harris for Outlandish Greeting and Use of Gender Pronouns27 July, 11:11 GMT。upstream配置里的max_fails和fail_timeout可以让Nginx自动把失败节点暂时下线，保证正常请求不受影响。

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这是被动健康检查，不需要商业模块。Nginx在指定时间内检测到多次失败，就把节点标记为不可用，等fail_timeout过后再尝试恢复。

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upstream backend {
 server 192.168.1.11:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
 server 192.168.1.12:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
 server 192.168.1.13:8080 backup;
}
 
server {
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://backend;
 proxy_next_upstream error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503;
 proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
 }
}

proxy_next_upstream很关键，它告诉Nginx在什么情况下把请求换一台后端重试。但只建议对幂等请求开启GET/HEAD重试，POST请求重复提交可能带来业务风险。    

如果有条件，建议用Nginx Plus的主动健康检查模块，会周期性向后端发探测请求，比被动检测更早发现问题。免费版用被动方案也基本够用了。    数据来源：Nginx官方文档 ngx_http_upstream_module（max_fails / fail_timeout / proxy_next_upstream）

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Published on:15:56:48